![]() ![]() ![]() Study of the wire drawing process done on industrial machinery was reported by Qi et al. It is seen that with increasing vibration amplitude there was a progressive lowering of both yield stress and tensile strength compared to conventional wire drawing. The study focused on measuring the effects of die amplitude, A = 5, 15, 20 μm (0– P) on the yield stress and tensile strength of the drawn wire as shown in Figure 15.16b. Of particular, interest was that the longitudinal modes of the wire itself were accounted for, including use of “reflectors” to keep the wire vibration in control within the draw region. The vibration modes along the system are shown by the waves B, C, and D. Experiments were conducted using equipment shown in Figure 15.16a, where the wire is drawn through the body of transducer–waveguide system (6–11). A determination of the draw force incorporated several factors, including a Coulomb-type friction, the static flow behavior, and a materials model based on the von Mises yield criterion. (2005), as applied to steel ball bearing wire. These results were also extended and reported by Siegert and Ulmer (2001).Ī theoretical analysis of the ultrasonic wire drawing process was done by Susan et al. Using arrangement Figure 15.12a, a number of benefits were reported in drawing Cu58, including improved surface finish and up to 33% reduction in draw force, with significant reductions in friction. In Figure 15.12c, radial vibrations of the die are created by three transducers (nozzles), while in Figure 15.12d, a combination of Figure 15.12a and b is shown. Thus, in Figure 15.12a, longitudinal vibrations are applied to the mandrel (also called the “plug”) in Figure 15.12b, radial vibrations of the die are shown. In the same paper, tube drawing was covered, with several process arrangements shown in Figure 15.12. As noted in other studies, as wire speeds were increased, force reductions diminished. Results for drawing titanium wire with longitudinal die oscillations gave force reductions of 18% at draw speeds of 200 mm/s along with improved surface finish. Following an overview of prior work in ultrasonic wire and tube drawing, Siegert and Ulmer (2000) reviewed four methods of ultrasonically vibrating the wire die. ![]()
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